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Modeling and Control Technology for Energy Storage System of All Vanadium Flow BatteryLarge scale electrochemical energy storage technology can effectively improve the safety and operational efficiency of the power grid, and is the fundamental support technology for smart grids. It is of great significance for the national implementation of the major strategy of energy structure adjustment. All vanadium flow batteries have unique advantages such as high safety, long lifespan, and low cost, and are listed as a large-scale energy storage technology in the "Energy Technology Revolution and Innovation Action Plan (2016-2030)" organized by the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration.In order to accelerate the cultivation of "highly skilled and scarce" talents in the field of energy storage, the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the National Energy Administration jointly formulated the "Action Plan for the Development of Energy Storage Technology Disciplines (2020-2024)", providing guidance for promoting the high-quality development of China's energy storage industry and energy.This book is written around the model and control of an all vanadium flow battery energy storage system, summarizing the research results of the author's team. Referring to relevant domestic research teams and conference reports, it is divided into 9 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the classification, development, and application of large-scale energy storage technologies, and summarizes the key technologies of all vanadium flow batteries, existing energy storage policies, and domestic and international standards for all vanadium flow batteries. Chapter 2 introduces the working principle, chemical reaction process, structure, and main parameters of all vanadium flow batteries, and provides common all vanadium flow battery products and specifications in the market. Chapter 3 summarizes the common mathematical models of all vanadium flow batteries, establishes a hybrid model and state space equation for all vanadium flow batteries, and derives the mathematical model of the battery pack. Chapter 4 elaborates on the SOC estimation method for all vanadium flow batteries and provides an estimation scheme for the energy storage system of all vanadium flow batteries. Chapter 5 mainly provides a detailed description of the DC side interface device (bidirectional DC/DC) for all vanadium flow batteries, establishes a model of bidirectional DC/DC converter, and provides a control strategy for multi DC/DC parallel operation. Chapter 6 establishes a model of the AC side interface device (PCS) for all vanadium flow batteries, analyzes the instability mechanism of multi PCS parallel operation, and proposes a method for suppressing resonance in multi PCS parallel system. Chapter 7 elaborates on the hierarchical control of all vanadium flow batteries, including the charging and discharging control of the formation and power coordination control. Chapter 8 provides engineering examples of all vanadium flow batteries and general scenarios for their application. Chapter 9 elaborates on other liquid flow battery energy storage technologies. The entire book will provide useful references for the modeling, control, and application of all vanadium flow battery energy storage systems, with good readability and reference value.catalogueorderPrefaceChapter 1 Liquid Flow Battery Energy Storage Technology 11.1 Classification of large-scale energy storage technology 11.1.1 Introduction to large-scale energy storage technology 21.1.2 Application of large-scale energy storage technology 131.2 Development of All Vanadium Flow Batteries 231.3 Application of All Vanadium Flow Battery 261.3.1 Application Field 261.3.2 Demonstration Project 271.4 Key Technologies of All Vanadium Flow Batteries 341.5 Policies, Regulations, Standards and Norms 351.5.1 Policies and Regulations 351.5.2 Standard specifications 411.6 Summary of this chapter 431.7 References 43Chapter 2 Principle and Structure of All Vanadium Flow Battery 482.1 Working Principle of All Vanadium Flow Battery 482.2 Structure of all vanadium flow battery 502.2.1 Stack 502.2.2 Electricity * 512.2.3 Double * Plate 542.2.4 Ion exchange membrane 552.2.5 Electrolyte 572.2.6 Sealing Structure 602.2.7 Pipeline and circulating pump 612.3 Storage Structure of All Vanadium Flow Battery 612.4 Main parameters of all vanadium flow battery 642.4.1 Power and Capacity 652.4.2 Voltage and Current 652.4.3 Efficiency 662.4.4 Cycle Life 662.4.5 State of Charge 66Common Products and Specifications of 2.5 All Vanadium Flow Batteries 672.6 Summary of this chapter 722.7 References 72Chapter 3 Mathematical Model of All Vanadium Flow Battery 763.1 Modeling Methods for All Vanadium Flow Batteries 763.2 Overview of all vanadium flow battery models 773.2.1 Electrochemical Model 773.2.2 Circuit Model 833.2.3 Hybrid Model 873.3 Mixed Model and Characteristic Analysis of All Vanadium Flow Battery 883.3.1 Mixed model of all vanadium flow battery 883.3.2 Characteristic Analysis 943.4 State Space Model and Sensitivity Analysis of All Vanadium Flow Battery 993.4.1 State Space Model of All Vanadium Flow Battery 993.4.2 Sensitivity Analysis of All Vanadium Flow Battery 1013.5 All vanadium flow battery pack model 1123.6 Summary of this chapter 1193.7 References 119Chapter 4 SOC Estimation of All Vanadium Flow Batteries 1254.1 Overview of SOC estimation 1254.2 SOC estimation of all vanadium flow batteries based on RLS and EKF algorithms 1274.2.1 RLS and EKF algorithms 1274.2.2 Experimental verification of RLS and EKF algorithms for estimating SOC 1314.3 SOC estimation of all vanadium flow battery based on IEKF algorithm 1364.3.1 IEKF algorithm 1364.3.2 Experimental Validation of IEKF Algorithm for Estimating SOC 1384.3.3 Convergence and Robustness Analysis of IEKF Algorithm for Estimating SOC 1394.4 SOC estimation of all vanadium flow battery based on dual Kalman filtering algorithm 1454.4.1 Dual Kalman Filter Algorithm1454.4.2 Verification of SOC estimation using dual Kalman filtering algorithm 1474.5 SOC estimation scheme for all vanadium flow battery energy storage system 1494.6 Summary of this chapter 1534.7 References 154Chapter 5 DC Side Interface and Control of All Vanadium Flow Battery 1565.1 Classification and Topology of Bidirectional DC/DC Converters 1575.1.1 Non isolated bidirectional DC converter 1575.1.2 Isolated bidirectional DC converter 1605.1.3 Comparison of Several Typical Bidirectional DC Converters 1635.2 Buck/Boost Converter1645.2.1 Working Principle of Buck/Boost Converter1645.2.2 Modeling of Buck/Boost Converter State Averaging 1655.2.3 Static Operating Point Analysis of Buck/Boost Converter1675.2.4 Buck/Boost Converter Small Signal Analysis 1685.2.5 Model Validation 1695.3 Dual Active Full Bridge (DAB) Bidirectional DC/DC Converter 1705.3.1 Working principle of DAB converter 1705.3.2 DAB reflux power analysis 1725.3.3 Improving State Space Average Modeling 1745.3.4 DAB Static Working Point Analysis 1765.3.5 DAB Small Signal Analysis 1765.3.6 Model Validation 1775.4 Multiple DC/DC Parallel Operation Control 1845.4.1 Control Strategy for Energy Storage System with Multiple DC/DC Parallel Operation 1855.4.2 System stability analysis 1885.4.3 Simulation Validation and Result Analysis 1975.5 Summary of this chapter 2055.6 References 206Chapter 6 AC Side Interface and Control of All Vanadium Flow Battery 2076.1 Energy Storage Converter (PCS) 2076.1.1 PCS Topology Structure 2086.1.2 Mathematical Model of PCS 2086.1.3 PCS dual closed-loop control strategy 2096.1.4 Simulation analysis 2146.2 Multiple PCS Parallel Operation Control 2196.2.1 Analysis of the Instability Mechanism of PCS Parallel System 2196.2.2 Research on Resonance Suppression Methods for PCS Parallel Systems 2316.3 Summary of this chapter 2406.4 References 241Chapter 7 Layered Control of All Vanadium Flow Battery Energy Storage System 2427.1 Layered Control Structure of All Vanadium Flow Battery Energy Storage System 2427.2 Local Charge and Discharge Control of All Vanadium Flow Batteries 2437.2.1 Charging and discharging methods for all vanadium flow batteries 2437.2.2 Charging and discharging control strategies for all vanadium flow batteries 2447.2.3 Simulation of Charge and Discharge Control for All Vanadium Flow Batteries 2457.3 Based on P? Power Coordination Control of AWPSO's All Vanadium Flow Battery Energy Storage System 2497.3.1 Mathematical model for coordinated control of all vanadium flow battery energy storage system 2497.3.2 Coordinated Control Algorithm for Energy Storage System of All Vanadium Flow Battery 2537.3.3 Example Simulation 2577.4 Energy Storage System of All Vanadium Flow Battery Based on Simulated Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization AlgorithmPower coordination control 2657.4.1 Simulated Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm2657.4.2 Construction of multi-objective function for power distribution of all vanadium flow battery energy storage system 2687.4.3 Example Simulation 275Double Layer Power Distribution Technology for 7.5 All Vanadium Flow Battery Energy Storage Power Station 2827.5.1 Energy storage charging and discharging power constraints 2837.5.2 Upper Power Optimization Allocation 2847.5.3 Dynamic balancing of lower power 2887.5.4 Example Analysis 2907.6 Summary of this chapter 2947.7 References 295Chapter 8 Application Examples of All Vanadium Flow Battery Energy Storage System 2978.1 10MW/40MW? Design of Energy Storage System for All Vanadium Flow Battery 2978.1.1 System Integration Design 2978.1.2 System Electrical Design 3108.1.3 Design of energy storage containers (shelters) 3148.2 All vanadium flow battery energy storage system testing platform 3188.2.1 Overall System Architecture 3188.2.2 System Hardware Platform 3198.2.3 System Software Platform 3208.3 Energy Management System for All Vanadium Flow Battery Based on Wincc OA 3228.3.1 Overall System Architecture 3228.3.2 System Hardware Platform 3248.3.3 System Software Platform 3258.4 Integrated Optical Storage System 3278.4.1 Overall System Architecture 3278.4.2 System Hardware Platform 3288.4.3 System Software Platform 3308.5 Research on Application Modes of All Vanadium Flow Battery Energy Storage System in Different Scenarios 3328.5.1 Application Modes in Photovoltaic Scenario3328.5.2 Application Modes in Wind Power Scenario3378.6 Summary of this chapter 3428.7 References 342Chapter 9 Other Liquid Flow Battery Energy Storage Technologies 3439.1 Iron chromium flow battery 3439.1.1 Working principle of ferrochrome flow battery 3439.1.2 Characteristics of ferrochrome flow batteries 3439.1.3 Development History of Ferrochrome Flow Batteries 3459.1.4 Research status of ferrochrome flow batteries 3469.2 Zinc Bromine Flow Battery 3489.2.1 Working Principle of Zinc Bromine Flow Battery 3489.2.2 Characteristics of Zinc Bromine Flow Battery 3499.2.3 Development History of Zinc Bromine Flow Battery 3509.2.4 Research Status of Zinc Bromine Flow Battery 3529.3 Summary of this chapter 3539.4 References 353
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