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How can energy storage be safer?
2023/4/4
High capacity and high rate energy storage systems have become a development trend
Drive energy storage temperature control and fire protection demand improvement
As the working time increases and the discharge rate increases, the heat release rate of lithium batteries increases. The temperature changes on the surface of lithium batteries under different discharge rates are basically consistent during the charging and resting stages, while during the discharge stage, the surface temperature rise of lithium batteries significantly increases with the increase of discharge rate, and the heat release rate accelerates.
When the discharge rate increases to 1.5C, the temperature of the lithium battery during the discharge stage can reach up to 40 ° C, exceeding the optimal temperature range, which may induce heat loss and loss of control.
Figure: Change amplitude of surface temperature of lithium batteries with increasing discharge rate
Large capacity and high rate energy storage systems have become a development trend, driving the demand for energy storage temperature control and fire protection to increase. Since 2021, multiple national and local policies have encouraged the exploration and construction of shared energy storage, established a "new energy+energy storage" mechanism, and promoted the market-oriented development of new energy storage.
In response to the large-scale energy storage entering the market, multiple provinces have issued policies for peak shaving and frequency regulation auxiliary services involving energy storage participation. Frequency regulation requires energy storage systems with high magnification, while peak shaving requires energy storage systems with large capacity. With the growth of peak shaving frequency regulation demand, the heat production of energy storage systems will continue to rise, and the energy storage temperature control and fire protection industry is expected to usher in important development opportunities.
Improving Energy Storage Safety Requirements According to National Standards
Sort out relevant standards and policy changes
The installed capacity of energy storage is growing rapidly, and energy storage safety policies are becoming stricter. With the trend of high capacity and high rate energy storage systems, energy storage safety issues are gradually being taken seriously. The 2014 version of the national standard "Design Specification for Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Plants" is no longer able to meet the rapidly developing energy storage safety needs. Apart from the national standard, only some enterprise standards, group standards, local standards, American standards such as NFPA855 and UL9540 are used as references. Further standardization is still needed for domestic energy storage safety standards.
Figure: Standards related to energy storage safety
The new standard puts forward higher requirements for energy storage safety standards. The national standard GB/T 42288-2022 "Safety Regulations for Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Plants" has been officially released and will be officially implemented from July 1, 2023.
Figure: Summary of policies related to energy storage security in China
China's energy storage safety standards are approaching global standards
Enhanced importance of energy storage fire protection and temperature control systems
With the tightening of energy storage safety standards, the importance of energy storage fire protection and temperature control systems is expected to significantly increase. Compared to foreign countries, there are fewer accidents in electrochemical energy storage power plants in China, but the energy storage safety standard system is not sound enough, and there is a lack of important regulations mentioned in foreign policies.
For example, AS/NZS 5139 requires battery systems to be installed in specific locations; UL9540A emphasizes fire mitigation methods for individual battery energy storage system units; NFPA 855 specifies safety distances between energy storage system units and walls.
Figure: Safety related standards for overseas energy storage
Due to the frequent occurrence of accidents in energy storage power plants, China's energy storage safety standards are approaching global standards, constantly improving and becoming stricter. The importance of energy storage fire protection and temperature control systems is expected to significantly increase, and further development is expected.
In addition, the quality control requirements for energy storage components, integration links, and the entire EPC process of power plants will also be further improved. Some low-quality component enterprises and enterprises with weaker qualifications and capital capabilities may be gradually cleared, and the competitive barriers of mainstream enterprises are expected to further improve in the process of tightening safety standards.
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